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Loydell et al., 2010

Loydell, D. K., Nestor, V., Männik, P. 2010. Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Kolka-54 core, Latvia. Geological Magazine 147 (2), 253-280. | DOI | DETAILS

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ID1377
ReferenceLoydell et al., 2010
AuthorLoydell, D. K., Nestor, V., Männik, P.
Year2010
TitleIntegrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Kolka-54 core, Latvia
JournalGeological Magazine
Volume147
Number2
pgs.253-280
Source typearticle in journal
LanguageEnglish
DOI10.1017/S0016756809990574
Abstract

Integrated graptolite, conodont and chitinozoan biostratigraphical data are presented from the Llandovery and Wenlock of the Kolka-54 core, Latvia. Correlations between graptolite and chitinozoan biozones are consistent with those published from other East Baltic sections and the Welsh Basin. While most correlations between graptolite and conodont biozones agree with those presented in previous studies, there are important exceptions. Significantly, we report here the discovery of Distomodus staurognathoides Biozone conodonts in the lowest Aeronian Demirastrites triangulatus graptolite Biozone. The base of the D. staurognathoides Biozone was previously considered to lie much higher in the Aeronian. Also it is shown that Walliserodus survived the late Wenlock Mulde Event, during which it was considered previously to have become extinct.


Sections studied or mentioned

Localitypgs.Figs.Remarks
Kolka 54 boreholeLlandovery-Wenlock integrated biostratigraphy (graptolites, conodonts, chitinozoans)

Photos

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<i><i>Linochitina odiosa</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 486.20 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-74) <i><i>Vitreachitina</i> | "Vitreachitina" sp.</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 603.40 m, Raikküla Stage (546-19) <i><i>Ancyrochitina bifurcaspina</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 643.00 m, Raikküla Stage (546-9) <i><i>Ancyrochitina convexa</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 621.70 m, Raikküla Stage (272-42) <i><i>Ancyrochitina gutnica</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 533.00 m, Jaani Stage (546-65) <i><i>Ancyrochitina mullinsi</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 578.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-36) <i><i>Ancyrochitina paulaspina</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 533.00 m, Jaani Stage (546-59) <i><i>Ancyrochitina plurispinosa</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 496.00 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-71) <i><i>Ancyrochitina ramosaspina</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 618.10 m, Raikküla Stage (546-17) <i><i>Ancyrochitina rumbaensis</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 601.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-20) <i><i>Angochitina longicollis</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 584.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-33) <i><i>Anthochitina primula</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 575.00 m, Adavere Stage (546-38) <i><i>Belonechitina</i> | Belonechitina aff. meifodensis Mullins et Loydell, 2001</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 588.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-43) <i><i>Belonechitina aspera</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 660.50 m, Juuru Stage (546-2) <i><i>Belonechitina cavei</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 596.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-31) <i><i>Belonechitina oeselensis</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 603.40 m, Raikküla Stage (546-22) <i><i>Belonechitina postrobusta</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 660.50 m, Juuru Stage (546-1) <i><i>Belonechitina</i> | Belonechitina sp.</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 588.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-50) <i><i>Belonechitina</i> | Belonechitina sp. C Loydell et al., 2010</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 506.60 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-70) <i><i>Belonechitina</i> | Belonechitina sp. D Loydell et al., 2010</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 462.20 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-88) <i><i>Bursachitina conica</i> | Bursachitina conica (Taugourdeau et de Jekhowsky), sensu Mullins et Loydell, 2001</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 603.40 m, Raikküla Stage (546-26) <i><i>Bursachitina nana</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 568.60 m, Adavere Stage (546-37) <i><i>Bursachitina nestorae</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 596.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-34) <i><i>Bursachitina</i> | Bursachitina sp.</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 537.30 m, Jaani Stage (546-61) <i><i>Bursachitina</i> | Bursachitina sp.</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 484.60 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-80) <i><i>Bursachitina</i> | Bursachitina sp. B Loydell et al., 2010</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 527.00 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-67) <i><i>Calpichitina densa</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 578.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-45) <i><i>Calpichitina</i> | Calpichitina sp.</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 468.50 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-87) <i><i>Cingulochitina baltica</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 486.20 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-73) <i><i>Cingulochitina cingulata</i> | Cingulochitina cingulata (Eisenack, 1937)</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 530.00 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-66) <i><i>Cingulochitina crassa</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 489.00 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-72) <i><i>Cingulochitina gorstyensis</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 472.40 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-83) <i><i>Clathrochitina</i> | Clathrochitina sp.</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 422.80 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-96) <i><i>Conochitina acuminata</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 575.00 m, Adavere Stage (546-40) <i><i>Conochitina</i> | Conochitina aff. proboscifera Eisenack, 1937</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 476.00 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-79) <i><i>Conochitina</i> | Conochitina aff. tuba Eisenack, 1932</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 566.40 m, Adavere Stage (546-52) <i><i>Conochitina</i> | Conochitina aff. tuba Eisenack, 1932</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 552.30 m, Jaani Stage (546-53) <i><i>Conochitina alargada</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 618.10 m, Raikküla Stage (546-11) <i><i>Conochitina argillophila</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 489.30 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-77) <i><i>Conochitina armillata</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 537.30 m, Jaani Stage (546-64) <i><i>Conochitina</i> | Conochitina cf. argillophila Laufeld, 1974</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 427.40 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-94) <i><i>Conochitina</i> | Conochitina cf. leviscapulae Mullins et Loydell, 2001</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 603.40 m, Raikküla Stage (546-21) <i><i>Conochitina claviformis</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 552.30 m, Jaani Stage (546-55) <i><i>Conochitina cribrosa</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 445.30 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-91) <i><i>Conochitina elongata</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 621.70 m, Raikküla Stage (546-14) <i><i>Conochitina elongata</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 621.70 m, Raikküla Stage (546-15) <i><i>Conochitina emmastensis</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 588.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-32) <i><i>Conochitina flamma</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 575.00 m, Adavere Stage (546-41) <i><i>Conochitina flamma</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 540.00 m, Jaani Stage (546-60) <i><i>Conochitina fortis</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 492.60 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-76) <i><i>Conochitina iklaensis</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 643.00 m, Raikküla Stage (546-10) <i><i>Conochitina leptosoma</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 601.00 m, Adavere Stage (546-28) <i><i>Conochitina linearistriata</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 473.80 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-84) <i><i>Conochitina malleus</i> | Conochitina malleus (nomen nudum) Van Grootel, 1990</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 614.60 m, Raikküla Stage (546-18) <i><i>Conochitina mamilla</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 552.30 m, Jaani Stage (546-56) <i><i>Conochitina pachycephala</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 486.20 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-78) <i><i>Conochitina praeproboscifera</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 601.00 m, Adavere Stage (546-23) <i><i>Conochitina proboscifera</i> | Conochitina proboscifera Eisenack, 1937</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 581.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-44) <i><i>Chitinozoa</i> | Conochitina sp. A Loydell et al., 2010</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 405.50 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-102) <i><i>Conochitina</i> | Conochitina sp. b Loydell et al., 2010</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 455.40 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-86) <i><i>Conochitina subcyatha</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 486.20 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-81) <i><i>Conochitina tuba</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 545.00 m, Jaani Stage (546-57) <i><i>Conochitina visbyensis</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 601.00 m, Adavere Stage (546-25) <i><i>Cyathochitina calix</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 640.80 m, Raikküla Stage (546-7) <i><i>Cyathochitina campanulaeformis</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 660.50 m, Juuru Stage (546-5) <i><i>Cyathochitina kuckersiana</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 623.60 m, Raikküla Stage (546-13) <i><i>Eisenackitina causiata</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 596.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-29) <i><i>Eisenackitina dolioliformis</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 596.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-24) <i><i>Eisenackitina inanulifera</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 596.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-30) <i><i>Eisenackitina</i> | Eisenackitina sp.</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 416.00 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-100) <i><i>Eisenackitina</i> | Eisenackitina sp. A Loydell et al., 2010</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 459.10 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-89) <i><i>Eisenackitina spongiosa</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 496.00 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-75) <i><i>Euconochitina electa</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 643.00 m, Raikküla Stage (546-6) <i><i>Lagenochitina</i> | Lagenochitina sp.</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 540.00 m, Jaani Stage (546-58) <i><i>Linochitina erratica</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 422.80 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-97) <i><i>Chitinozoa</i> | Linochitina sp. A Loydell et al., 2010</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 422.80 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-95) <i><i>Linochitina</i> | Linochitina? sp.</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 540.00 m, Jaani Stage (546-54) <i><i>Margachitina banwyensis</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 578.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-48) <i><i>Margachitina margaritana</i> | Margachitina margaritana (Eisenack, 1937)</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 566.40 m, Adavere Stage (546-51) <i><i>Plectochitina magna</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 568.60 m, Adavere Stage (546-49) <i><i>Plectochitina nodifera</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 659.50 m, Juuru Stage (546-4) <i><i>Plectochitina obuti</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 473.80 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-85) <i><i>Plectochitina pachyderma</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 575.00 m, Adavere Stage (546-46) <i><i>Plectochitina spongiosa</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 659.50 m, Juuru Stage (546-8) <i><i>Ramochitina costata</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 581.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-35) <i><i>Ramochitina martinssoni</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 517.00 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-68) <i><i>Ramochitina nestorae</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 566.40 m, Adavere Stage (546-47) <i><i>Ramochitina ruhnuensis</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 575.00 m, Adavere Stage (546-39) <i><i>Ramochitina</i> | Ramochitina sp.</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 380.80 m, Rootsiküla Stage (546-103) <i><i>Ramochitina</i> | Ramochitina sp. A Loydell et al., 2010</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 514.00 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-69) <i><i>Ramochitina</i> | Ramochitina sp. B Loydell et al., 2010</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 459.10 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-90) <i><i>Ramochitina</i> | Ramochitina sp. C Loydell et al., 2010</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 422.80 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-98) <i><i>Ramochitina spinosa</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 514.00 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-63) <i><i>Ramochitina tabernaculifera</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 408.40 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-99) <i><i>Ramochitina uncinata</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 422.80 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-92) <i><i>Rhabdochitina sera</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 366.70 m, Rootsiküla Stage (527-36) <i><i>Rhabdochitina</i> | Rhabdochitina sp.</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 596.90 m, Adavere Stage (546-27) <i><i>Rhabdochitina</i> | Rhabdochitina sp. B Loydell et al., 2010</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 568.60 m, Adavere Stage (546-42) <i><i>Sphaerochitina concava</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 430.80 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-93) <i><i>Sphaerochitina lycoperdoides</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 361.50 m, Rootsiküla Stage (546-104) <i><i>Sphaerochitina</i> | Sphaerochitina sp.</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 517.00 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-62) <i><i>Sphaerochitina</i> | Sphaerochitina sp.</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 486.20 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-82) <i><i>Sphaerochitina</i> | Sphaerochitina sp.</i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 408.40 m, Jaagarahu Stage (546-101) <i><i>Spinachitina fragilis</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 660.50 m, Juuru Stage (546-3) <i><i>Spinachitina maennili</i></i><br />Kolka 54 borehole, 632.70 m, Raikküla Stage (546-12)